Who authorized warning shots on May 16, 2003?

The authorization of warning shots on May 16, 2003, is attributed to the Secretary of Defense. This position holds significant responsibility in terms of overseeing military operations and ensuring that force is used judiciously and appropriately during such operations. When a situation arises that may require the use of warning shots, the Secretary of Defense can assess the circumstances, consider the rules of engagement, and determine if such a measure is warranted to de-escalate a potential threat while still maintaining control and safety. This decision underscores the critical role of the Secretary of Defense in operational command and the emphasis on operational protocols that ensure the protection of U.S. military personnel and national interests.